The hydrothermal method is also suitable for repairing spent LiFePO 4 cathode materials, widely used in transportation and grid energy storage due to its good thermal stability, low cost and long cycle life . Therefore, the number of spent LiFePO 4 cathode materials is increasing yearly.
The repaired cathode material can be used again in the preparation of new batteries. Research has proven that the direct repair of the cathode material can lead to a reactivated cathode [23, 78, 79], which can be used again in a new Li-ion battery.
This review is expected to serve as a foundation for further improving the electrochemical performance of repaired cathode materials. Cathode materials for power lithium batteries usually require pretreatment before direct repair, which includes discharge, disassembly and separation of the spent cathode materials (Fig. 1 a).
In the presence of sufficient lithium, Li + can occupy the vacancies in the spent cathode material through the action of an electric current, bringing the Li content back to the original level. In the repair process, electrolyte concentration and current density affect the repair effect [161, 162].
Currently, the methods widely used in direct repair include solid-state sintering, molten salt-based approaches, hydrothermal crystallization, electrochemical recovery, etc. . For example, Shi et al. repaired spent cathode materials through the hydrothermal method.
Research has proven that the direct repair of the cathode material can lead to a reactivated cathode [23, 78, 79], which can be used again in a new Li-ion battery. Currently, the methods widely used in direct repair include solid-state sintering, molten salt-based approaches, hydrothermal crystallization, electrochemical recovery, etc. .
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